Additional Water Resources Engineering MCQs for APSC JE 2025

Additional Water Resources Engineering MCQs for APSC JE PWD & Water Resources 2025

Topics Covered

Hydrology
Irrigation Engineering
Hydraulic Structures
Water Supply and Distribution
Flood Control and Drainage

Topic: Hydrology

31. What is the purpose of a unit hydrograph?

a) Measure rainfall intensity b) Predict runoff from a storm c) Estimate groundwater levels d) Calculate evaporation rates

Answer: b) Predict runoff from a storm
It represents runoff from 1 cm of rainfall over a catchment.

Topic: Hydrology

32. Which method is used to estimate missing rainfall data?

a) Rational method b) Arithmetic mean method c) Thiessen polygon method d) Muskingum method

Answer: b) Arithmetic mean method
It uses average rainfall from nearby gauges to fill gaps.

Topic: Hydrology

33. What is base flow in a river?

a) Floodwater during storms b) Sustained flow from groundwater c) Surface runoff after rainfall d) Water diverted for irrigation

Answer: b) Sustained flow from groundwater
Base flow maintains river flow during dry periods.

Topic: Hydrology

34. What does a double mass curve indicate?

a) Rainfall intensity b) Consistency of rainfall data c) Runoff volume d) Evapotranspiration rate

Answer: b) Consistency of rainfall data
It detects changes or errors in rainfall records over time.

Topic: Hydrology

35. What is the primary purpose of a pan evaporimeter?

a) Measure rainfall b) Estimate evaporation c) Calculate runoff d) Monitor groundwater

Answer: b) Estimate evaporation
It measures water loss from an open pan to estimate evaporation rates.

Topic: Hydrology

36. What is the Horton’s equation used for?

a) Estimating infiltration rate b) Calculating peak discharge c) Measuring soil moisture d) Predicting flood levels

Answer: a) Estimating infiltration rate
It models how infiltration decreases over time during rainfall.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

37. What is the Kor period in irrigation?

a) Time between sowing and harvesting b) First critical watering period c) Total irrigation duration d) Time for canal maintenance

Answer: b) First critical watering period
It’s when crops need initial irrigation for optimal growth.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

38. What is the purpose of a cross-regulator in a canal?

a) Store excess water b) Control water levels c) Prevent seepage d) Measure flow rate

Answer: b) Control water levels
It maintains desired water levels in canal branches.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

39. What is water application efficiency?

a) Ratio of water stored in soil to water applied b) Total water delivered to crops c) Time taken to irrigate a field d) Volume of water lost to evaporation

Answer: a) Ratio of water stored in soil to water applied
It measures how effectively water reaches the root zone.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

40. What is the main advantage of sprinkler irrigation?

a) Low installation cost b) Uniform water distribution c) No maintenance required d) Suitable for all soil types

Answer: b) Uniform water distribution
It ensures even water application, reducing wastage.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

41. What is a watercourse in irrigation?

a) Main canal b) Field channel to farms c) Reservoir for storage d) Drainage ditch

Answer: b) Field channel to farms
It delivers water from canals to individual fields.

Topic: Irrigation Engineering

42. What is the consumptive use of water?

a) Water lost to seepage b) Water used by crops and evaporated c) Water stored in reservoirs d) Water diverted to canals

Answer: b) Water used by crops and evaporated
It includes evapotranspiration and crop water needs.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

43. What is the primary function of a canal fall?

a) Store water b) Manage steep canal slopes c) Divert water to fields d) Generate power

Answer: b) Manage steep canal slopes
Falls reduce canal bed elevation while dissipating energy.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

44. What is a gravity dam primarily made of?

a) Steel b) Concrete or masonry c) Earth d) Timber

Answer: b) Concrete or masonry
Its weight resists water pressure without additional support.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

45. What is the purpose of a surge tank?

a) Store irrigation water b) Control pressure fluctuations c) Measure water flow d) Prevent flooding

Answer: b) Control pressure fluctuations
It stabilizes water hammer in hydropower systems.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

46. What is a barrage primarily used for?

a) Flood control b) Diverting water for irrigation c) Generating electricity d) Storing large water volumes

Answer: b) Diverting water for irrigation
It raises water levels to feed canals without significant storage.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

47. What is the function of a penstock?

a) Release floodwater b) Convey water to turbines c) Control canal flow d) Store water

Answer: b) Convey water to turbines
It delivers high-pressure water in hydropower plants.

Topic: Hydraulic Structures

48. What is the main purpose of a guide bank?

a) Store water b) Protect riverbanks from erosion c) Divert water to canals d) Generate power

Answer: b) Protect riverbanks from erosion
It guides river flow to prevent scouring near structures.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

49. What is the purpose of a chlorination process?

a) Remove sediments b) Disinfect water c) Soften water d) Increase water pressure

Answer: b) Disinfect water
Chlorine kills pathogens to make water safe for drinking.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

50. What is a fire hydrant used for?

a) Irrigation supply b) Emergency water for firefighting c) Domestic water supply d) Water quality testing

Answer: b) Emergency water for firefighting
It provides high-pressure water during fire emergencies.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

51. What is the advantage of a ring system in water distribution?

a) Low cost b) Continuous flow during repairs c) Simple design d) No maintenance required

Answer: b) Continuous flow during repairs
It allows water to flow from multiple paths, enhancing reliability.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

52. What is the purpose of a sluice valve?

a) Regulate pressure b) Control water flow c) Filter water d) Store water

Answer: b) Control water flow
It isolates sections of the pipeline for maintenance.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

53. What is water hammer?

a) Water quality degradation b) Sudden pressure surge in pipes c) Leakage in pipelines d) Sedimentation in reservoirs

Answer: b) Sudden pressure surge in pipes
It occurs due to rapid valve closure, risking pipe damage.

Topic: Water Supply and Distribution

54. What is the minimum residual pressure in water supply systems?

a) 0.5 kg/cm² b) 0.7 kg/cm² c) 1.0 kg/cm² d) 1.5 kg/cm²

Answer: b) 0.7 kg/cm²
It ensures adequate pressure for domestic supply at the farthest point.