Estimation, Valuation & Construction Management MCQs for APSC PWD and WRD JE 2025: 2

Estimation, Valuation & Construction Management MCQs for APSC JE 2025

Topics Covered

• Estimation and Costing
• Valuation
• Construction Planning and Scheduling
• Construction Techniques and Equipment
• Project Management

Topic: Estimation and Costing

1. What is the purpose of a supplementary estimate?

a) Initial project costing b) Additional work beyond original estimate c) Final project cost d) Routine maintenance cost

Answer: b) Additional work beyond original estimate
It covers unforeseen or extra work during project execution.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

2. Which method is used for estimating irregular structures?

a) Plinth area method b) Centerline method c) Detailed quantity method d) Unit rate method

Answer: c) Detailed quantity method
It calculates precise quantities for complex designs.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

3. What is included in overhead costs?

a) Direct material costs b) Indirect expenses like supervision c) Labor wages only d) Equipment purchase

Answer: b) Indirect expenses like supervision
Overheads cover administrative and site management costs.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

4. How is earthwork typically measured?

a) Square meter b) Cubic meter c) Linear meter d) Number

Answer: b) Cubic meter
Earthwork is quantified by volume for excavation and filling.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

5. What is a schedule of rates?

a) Project timeline b) Cost per unit of work items c) Material inventory d) Labor allocation plan

Answer: b) Cost per unit of work items
It provides standardized rates for estimating various tasks.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

6. What is the purpose of a provisional sum?

a) Final cost calculation b) Budget for uncertain work items c) Fixed material cost d) Labor wages

Answer: b) Budget for uncertain work items
It allocates funds for tasks not fully defined initially.

Topic: Estimation and Costing

7. What is the carpet area of a building?

a) Total built-up area b) Usable floor area excluding walls c) Plinth area plus verandah d) Roof area

Answer: b) Usable floor area excluding walls
It measures the net usable space within a building.

Topic: Valuation

8. What is the capitalization method in valuation?

a) Estimating construction cost b) Converting income to property value c) Calculating depreciation d) Assessing land value only

Answer: b) Converting income to property value
It uses rental income and a capitalization rate to estimate value.

Topic: Valuation

9. What is salvage value?

a) Market value at sale b) Value of reusable materials c) Original construction cost d) Depreciated book value

Answer: b) Value of reusable materials
It is the worth of materials after a structure’s useful life.

Topic: Valuation

10. What is the replacement cost method?

a) Valuing based on rental income b) Cost to rebuild at current prices c) Depreciated book value d) Scrap value estimation

Answer: b) Cost to rebuild at current prices
It estimates the cost to construct an identical structure today.

Topic: Valuation

11. What is the purpose of the land and building method?

a) Estimate rental income b) Value land and structure separately c) Calculate depreciation only d) Assess market demand

Answer: b) Value land and structure separately
It sums the values of land and building for total property value.

Topic: Valuation

12. What is obsolescence in valuation?

a) Increase in property value b) Loss of value due to outdated features c) Construction cost d) Market appreciation

Answer: b) Loss of value due to outdated features
It accounts for reduced utility from old technology or design.

Topic: Valuation

13. What is the gross income multiplier method?

a) Cost-based valuation b) Income-based property valuation c) Depreciation calculation d) Scrap value estimation

Answer: b) Income-based property valuation
It multiplies gross income by a factor to estimate value.

Topic: Valuation

14. What is distress value?

a) Market value under normal conditions b) Forced sale value below market c) Replacement cost d) Book value

Answer: b) Forced sale value below market
It reflects a lower price due to urgent sale conditions.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

15. What is the purpose of a network diagram?

a) Estimate material costs b) Show task dependencies c) Calculate labor wages d) Assess property value

Answer: b) Show task dependencies
It visualizes the sequence and relationships between tasks.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

16. What is the advantage of CPM over PERT?

a) Handles uncertain durations b) Uses fixed task durations c) Reduces material costs d) Eliminates risks

Answer: b) Uses fixed task durations
CPM assumes known durations for precise scheduling.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

17. What is resource leveling?

a) Increasing project cost b) Balancing resource usage c) Reducing project scope d) Eliminating tasks

Answer: b) Balancing resource usage
It optimizes resource allocation to avoid overuse or idle periods.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

18. What is a milestone in a project schedule?

a) Minor task b) Significant project event c) Material delivery d) Cost estimate

Answer: b) Significant project event
Milestones mark key stages like foundation completion.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

19. What is fast-tracking in construction?

a) Delaying tasks b) Overlapping project phases c) Reducing quality d) Increasing costs

Answer: b) Overlapping project phases
It speeds up projects but may increase risks.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

20. What does a precedence diagram show?

a) Cost breakdown b) Task relationships c) Material quantities d) Labor wages

Answer: b) Task relationships
It illustrates dependencies like finish-to-start links.

Topic: Construction Planning and Scheduling

21. What is the purpose of a lookahead schedule?

a) Long-term planning b) Short-term task focus c) Cost estimation d) Risk elimination

Answer: b) Short-term task focus
It details tasks for the next few weeks for site coordination.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

22. What is the purpose of a caisson foundation?

a) Shallow soil support b) Underwater construction c) Roof framing d) Wall insulation

Answer: b) Underwater construction
Caissons provide stable foundations in rivers or seas.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

23. Which equipment is used for grading roads?

a) Excavator b) Grader c) Crane d) Roller

Answer: b) Grader
Graders level surfaces for smooth road construction.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

24. What is slip formwork used for?

a) Flat slab construction b) Continuous vertical structures c) Temporary scaffolding d) Precast assembly

Answer: b) Continuous vertical structures
It enables rapid construction of towers or silos.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

25. What is the advantage of a concrete pump?

a) Reduces material use b) Efficient concrete placement c) Increases curing time d) Lowers strength

Answer: b) Efficient concrete placement
It delivers concrete to high or distant locations.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

26. What is the purpose of a tremie pipe?

a) Lift heavy loads b) Place concrete underwater c) Compact soil d) Grade surfaces

Answer: b) Place concrete underwater
It prevents segregation during underwater pouring.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

27. What is shotcreting?

a) Decorative plastering b) Spraying concrete at high velocity c) Soil stabilization d) Waterproofing

Answer: b) Spraying concrete at high velocity
It is used for tunnels and slope stabilization.

Topic: Construction Techniques and Equipment

28. Which equipment is used for pile driving?

a) Bulldozer b) Pile driver c) Roller d) Forklift

Answer: b) Pile driver
It installs piles into the ground for deep foundations.

Topic: Project Management

29. What is earned value management?

a) Cost estimation b) Tracking project performance c) Material procurement d) Risk elimination

Answer: b) Tracking project performance
It measures progress against cost and schedule baselines.

Topic: Project Management

30. What is a stakeholder in a project?

a) Only the project manager b) Anyone affected by the project c) Only the contractor d) Only the client

Answer: b) Anyone affected by the project
Stakeholders include clients, contractors, and the public.

Topic: Project Management

31. What is the purpose of a change order?

a) Initial planning b) Modify project scope or terms c) Final payment d) Material selection

Answer: b) Modify project scope or terms
It formalizes alterations to the contract.

Topic: Project Management

32. What is scope creep?

a) Planned expansion b) Uncontrolled project changes c) Cost reduction d) Schedule compression

Answer: b) Uncontrolled project changes
It leads to delays and cost overruns.

Topic: Project Management

33. What is the role of a project charter?

a) Detailed scheduling b) Define project objectives c) Material estimation d) Quality testing

Answer: b) Define project objectives
It outlines goals, scope, and key stakeholders.

Topic: Project Management

34. What is a cost baseline?

a) Initial estimate b) Approved budget for tracking c) Contingency fund d) Material cost only

Answer: b) Approved budget for tracking
It serves as a reference for cost control.

Topic: Project Management

35. What is the benefit of a lessons learned document?

a) Increases costs b) Improves future projects c) Reduces scope d) Eliminates risks

Answer: b) Improves future projects
It records successes and challenges for better planning.